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Japanese Terminology

 

-A-

age rising
age zuki rising punch
age uke rising block
ai harmony; join; fit
aiki aligning one's ki with that of an opponent; literally, "harmonized inner energy"
aikido martial art derived from Aiki Jujitsu but which places more emphasis on spiritual development; founded by Morihei Ueshiba in the early 20th century
aiki jujitsu style of JuJitsu which places emphasis on blending, yielding and Joint Manipulation
ashi foot; leg;
ashi guruma leg wheel; throw in judo
ashi hishigi leg crush
ashi kubi ankle; literally, "neck of the leg"
ashi kubi hishigi ankle crush
ashi waza foot and leg techniques
atemi striking the body
atemi waza body-striking techniques

-B-

bu military; martial
budo martial arts of late medieval and post-medieval Japan emphasizing spiritual, health, and sport aspects over combat and self-defense; literally, "martial way"
budokai martial way organization
bunkai application of form
bushi warrior class of medieval Japan
bushido unwritten moral and ethical code of conduct practiced by the bushi;  literally, "way of the warrior"
bujitsu fighting arts of the warrior class of medieval Japan; literally, "martial techniques" or "martial arts"

-C-

-D-

dan degree or step; in Japanese martial arts, used for black belt ranks
do way
dojo exercise hall; the place where one practices the martial arts

-E-

eri lapel; collar

-F-

fumi step on; tread on
fumikomi stepping into; stomping

-G-

gaeshi counter; reversal
gake Hook
gi uniform for practicing martial arts
go five
godan fifth degree; fifth degree black belt
gohon five long cylindrical objects
gohon nukite five-finger spear-hand strike
gokyu fifth class
gyaku  reverse; opposite
gyaku zuki reverse punch (opposite-side hand and leg)
gyaku juji jime reverse cross choke

-H-

hachi eight
hachidan eigth degree; eigth degree black belt
hadaka naked; nude; bare
hadaka jime naked choke
hadari left
hai  yes
haito ridge-hand (thumb side of hand); literally, "back knife"
haito uchi ridge-hand strike
hajimae begin
hane springing or bouncing
hane goshi springing hip
hane makikomi springing wrap-around
hanshi honorific title given in recognition of one's character, not just technical ability in a given martial art
hantai reverse; opposite
hantai gatame reverse hold
harai sweep; sweeping
harai goshi sweeping hip throw
harai tsurikomi ashi lifting pulling foot sweep throw
hidari left (side)
hiji elbow
hishigi crush; break; sprain
hiza knee
hiza geri knee kick
hiza guruma knee wheel throw

-I-

ichi one
ikkyu first Kyu Rank
ippon one long cylindrical object
ippon kumite one-step sparring
ippon seoi nage one-armed shoulder throw
irimi waza entering techniques

-J-

jitsu technique, art
jodan upper; shoulder-level or above
jodan juji uke high X-block
joseke upper seat
ju 1. ten
2. gentle; soft; pliant
judan tenth degree; tenth degree black belt
judo sport martial art featuring throwing; founded by Jigoro Kano in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; literally, "gentle way"
judoka practitioner of Judo
juji cross
juji gatame cross lock
jujitsu self-defense martial art based on grappling and throwing; literally, "gentle technique"
jujitsuka practitioner of Jujitsu
juji uke x-block; literally, "cross block"

-K-

kami 2. upper body; top
kami shiho gatame upper four-direction hold
kani sute crab sacrifice; another name for kani basami
kani basami crab scissors; flying scissors throw
kansetsu knuckle or joint
kansetsu waza joint-locking techniques
kata 1. stylized form; pre-arranged techniques used to practice many martial arts
2. shoulder
3. one-sided; one (of two)
kata gatame shoulder hold
kata guruma shoulder wheel throw
kata juji jime half cross choke
kataha jime single wing choke
katame hardening; fortifying; tightening;
katame waza grappling techniques
kesa scarf; in particular, the scarf of a Buddhist monk
kesa gatame scarf hold
ki inner energy; spirit
kiai loud shout or yell which focuses one's ki when striking hard; literally, "harmonized inner energy"
kiba horse-riding
kiba dachi horse stance; literally, "horse-riding stance"
kiotsuke to command someone to pay attention
ko  minor; sometimes used for small
kokutsu backward leaning
kokutsu dachi back stance; literally, "backward leaning stance"
koryu traditional schools of Japanese martial arts; literally, "ancient or old stream"
koshi 1. hip; waist; loin
koshi guruma hip wheel throw
kosoto gake minor outer hook throw
kosoto gari minor outer reap throw
kouchi gari minor inner reap throw
ku nine
kubi neck
kudan ninth degree; ninth degree black belt
kuruma (guruma) wheel
kuzure broken; collapsed
kuzure kesa gatame broken scarf hold
kuzushi unbalancing (there are eight directions of unbalancing, corresponding to the eight directions of the compass)
kyu class; grade; rank; in Japanese martial arts, used for ranks under black belt

-M-

mae front
mae geri front kick
maki volume; scroll; reel; roll
maki gaeshi wrapping reversal
makikomi to wrap around, enfold, wind up, or roll up in a whirlpool- or windmill-like movement
makikomi harai wrap-around sweep
matae stop
mawashi turning; rotating
mawashi geri roundhouse kick
migi right (side)
moro augmented
morote two hands; both hands
mudansha non-black belt holder
mune chest
mune gatame chest hold
mushin mind of no mind; state of being without thought

-N-

 
nagashi uke flowing block; parry
nage throw
nage waza throwing techniques
nage no kata formalized throws
nami juji jime normal cross choke
nana seven
nanadan seventh degree; seventh degree black belt; also called shichidan
ne ground; root; base
ne waza ground techniques or matwork
ni two
nidan second degree; second degree black belt
nikyu second class
nukite spear-hand; literally, "(sword) drawing hand"

-O-

o major
obi belt
ogoshi major hip throw
ohten barrel roll
ohten gatame barrel roll hold
okuri chasing; sliding
okuri ashi barai sliding foot sweep throw
okuri eri jime sliding collar choke
osae pressure
osae komi pressing; holding-down; pinning; immobilizing
osae komi waza pinning techniques
osoto gari major outer reap throw
osoto guruma major outer wheel throw
otoshi drop
ouchi gari major inner reap throw

-R-

 
randori free practice or sparring
rei bow
rokkyu sixth class ; also spelled rokyu or rokukyu
roku six
rokudan sixth degree; sixth degree black belt
ryu a style of school in Japanese martial arts; literally, "stream"

-S-

samurai warrior class of medieval Japan; literally, "one who serves"
san three
sandan third degree; third degree black belt
sankyu third class
sasae propping; supporting
sasae tsurikomi ashi propping lifting pulling  throw
seiza traditional Japanese sitting position (on knees)
sempai senior
sensei teacher
seoi shoulder
seoi goshi shoulder hip
shi  four
shiai contest
shichi seven
shichidan seventh degree; seventh degree black belt
shihan master or senior instructor
shiho every direction; literally, "four directions"
shiho nage four-direction throw
shime (jime) choke; strangle
shime waza choking or strangling techniques
shodan beginning degree or step; in Japanese martial arts, used as the rank of 1st degree black belt
shotei palm-heel; literally, "bottom of hand"
shuto knife-hand (little-finger side of palm); literally, "hand knife"
shuto uke knife-hand block
sode sleeve
sode tsurikomi goshi sleeve lifting pulling hip throw
soke head of family; in Japanese martial arts, the headmaster of a martial arts system
soto outside; outer
soto makikomi outer wrap-around throw
sukui to scoop up
sukui nage scooping throw throw
sumi corner
sumi gaeshi corner reversal throw
sumi otoshi corner drop throw
sute sacrifice
sutemi sacrificing one's self
sutemi waza self-sacrificing techniques

-T-

tachi 1. stance; standing
tachi waza standing techniques (techniques done from the standing position)
tai the body
tai otoshi body drop throw
tama ball; sphere
tanden point just below the navel
tani valley
tani otoshi valley drop throw
tanto knife
tatami a rice straw mat commonly used in traditional Japanese homes to soften the hard wooden floors; also used in some Japanese martial arts to provide a relatively soft surface to take hard falls
tate vertical
tate zuki boxer's jab; literally, "vertical punch"
tatsumaki tornado; whirlwind; literally, "dragon roll"
tatsumaki jime dragon choke; literally, "dragon roll choke"
te hand
te waza hand techniques
tei  bottom
tekubi wrist; literally, "neck of the hand"
tekubi tori wrist pull
tettsui iron hammer
tettsui uchi hammer-fist strike; literally, "iron hammer strike"
tomoe comma-like design or shape
tomoe nage circular throw; literally, "comma-like throw"
tora tiger
tora nage tiger throw
tori pull; grab; grasp; take; take away; in Japanese martial arts, the one who performs or demonstrates ("takes") a technique
tsuki  thrust; punch;
tsukuri stepping into the throw
tsuri  to lift up
tsuri goshi lifting hip throw
tsurikomi lifting and pulling up in a circular motion
tsurikomi goshi lifting pulling hip throw

-U-

uchi  inner; inside
uchi mata inner thigh throw
uchi komi repeated practice of throwing techniques
ude arm or forearm
ude garami forearm entanglement
ude gatame forearm lock
ude tori forearm pull
ude uke forearm block
uke receiving; in Japanese martial arts, the one who "receives" a technique; also in Japanese martial arts, a block (to "receive" a strike)
ukemi breakfalling; literally, "receiving with the body"
ukemi waza breakfalling techniques
uki floating
uki goshi floating hip throw
uki otoshi floating drop throw
uki waza floating throw
ura  back; rear
ura nage back throw
uraken back of the fist
ushiro back; behind; rear
ushiro goshi back hip throw

-W-

wakare separation
waza technique

-Y-

 
yama mountain
yawara soft; gentle; pliant
yoko side
yoko guruma side wheel throw
yoko otoshi side drop throw
yoko shiho gatame side four-direction hold
yoko wakare side separation throw
yon four
yondan fourth degree; fourth degree black belt
yonkyu fourth class
yubi finger
yubi tori finger pull
yudansha one who is a black belt

-Z-

zen 1. Japanese sect of Buddhism which places heavy emphasis on meditation and which significantly influenced the Japanese martial arts  
zenkutsu forward leaning
zenkutsu dachi front stance; literally, "forward leaning stance"

Counting 1-10

1 ichi
2 ni
3 san
4 yon, shi
5 go
6 roku
7  shichi
8 hachi
9 ku
10 ju

Ranks

yonkyu 4th kyu
sankyu 3rd kyu
nikyu 2nd kyu
ikkyu 1st kyu
shodan 1st dan
nidan 2nd dan
sandan 3rd dan
yondan 4th dan
godan 5th dan
rokudan 6th dan
shichidan 7th dan
hachidan 8th dan
kudan 9th dan
judan 10th dan

 

 

Budokai South Defensive Arts Institute
Minami Budo Ryu
Ju Jitsu / Aiki Jujitsu / Judo / Self Defense
Aiken, SC
803-641-8802
Email:
newtobudokai@gmail.com

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