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Japanese Terminology
-A-
ai - harmonize, conjoin
aiki - harmonizing spirit/will/intent with the opponent
Aikido - a martial art derived from Aiki Jujitsu that emphasizes spiritual development; founded by Morihei Ueshiba
Aiki Jujitsu - a type of Jujitsu that emphasizes yielding, blending, and joint manipulation
ashi - foot, leg
ashi kubi - ankle; lit. "neck of the foot, leg"
atemi - a strike to the human body
-B-
bu - martial
budo - newer japanese martial arts that emphasize systematic teaching instead of cataloging techniques; lit. "martial way"
budoka - a practitioner of budo
budokai - an organization of budoka
bujitsu - martial techniques of the bushi; lit. "martial arts"
bushi - warrior class of feudal Japan
bushido - a unwritten ethical and moral code of the bushi; lit. "way of the bushi"
-C-
chudan - middle level
-D-
(t)dachi - standing, stance
dan - degree, level; used for black belt ranks in budo
do - (1) way, system (2) trunk(body)
dojo - practice hall for budo
-E-
eri - lapel
-F-
fumi - step on
fumikomi - stomp
-G-
gaeshi - return, give back, reverse
gake - hook
gama - sickle, scythe
gari - reap
(k)gatame - tighten, lock, a hold
gedan - lower level
geri - kick
gi - uniform for budo practice
gyaku - reverse
-H-
ha - wing
hadaka - naked
hai - "yes"
haito - ridge hand (thumb site); lit. "back(spine) of a katana"
hane - spring up
harai - sweep away
hazushi - escape from a hold; lit. "remove oneself"
hiji - elbow
hittsui - knee strike; lit. "knee hammer"
ho - a direction, side
hiza - knee
-I-
irimi - entering
-J-
(sh)jime - strangle
jitsu - art, technique
jodan - upper level
ju - flexible, pliant, yielding
juji - cross; lit. the shape of the japanese character for the number 10(ju): +
-K-
kaiten - round roll
kami - top, upper
kamiza - upper seat
karada - body
kata - one side (of two)
kesa - scarf; lit. Buddhist priest's stole
ki - spirit, will, intent
ko - (1) little, minor (2) mouth
komi - include, load
koryu - traditional schools of japanese martial arts
kote - wrist; lit. small part of the hand
kubi - neck
kuzushi - off-balancing of your opponent (the main directions to off-balance someone correspond to the eight directions of compass); lit. "to break posture"
kyu - grade, class; used in budo for student ranks under black belt
-L-
-M-
mae - front side
maki - reel, wrap up
makikomi - wrap something up, reel something in
mata - thigh, groin
mawashi - round
men - face
moro - both, pair
mudansha - student not holding a black belt rank
-N-
nage - throw
nami - normal, regular
nukite - spear-hand; lit. "piercing hand"
-O-
o - great, large, vast
ogoshi - great hip
omote - face (front side)
osae - push, press, pin
otoshi - drop
osoto gari - large, outside reap
ouchi gari - large, inside reap
-P-
-Q-
-R-
ryo - both, two
ryu - a school/style of a japanese martial arts ; lit. "stream"
-S-
sankaku - triangle
sasae - support, prop
seoi - back of the shoulder
shiho - four directions
shotei - bottom of the palm
shuto - knife-hand; lit. "hand sword"
sode - sleeve
soke - head of the family; head of japanese martial art system
soku - side
soto - outside, exterior
sukui - scoop, shovel
sumi - a corner
suwari - seated
-T-
tai - body
tatami - a rice straw mat used in traditional japanese homes to soften hardwood floors; also used in japanese martial arts to help soften falls
tate - vertical
tawara - straw bag, sack
te - hand
tekubi - wrist; lit. "neck of the hand"
tettsui - hammer-hand
(d)tori - hold, grab
tsuki - thrust
-U-
uchi - (1) inside, interior (2) strike
ude - arm
uke - (1) to recieve, as in "one who recieves a technique" in japanese martial arts (2) block
ukemi - breakfall; lit. "to recieve/catch the body"
uki - float(ing)
ura - the back side
-V-
-W-
wakare - divide
waki - armpit
waza - technique
-X-
-Y-
yama - mountain
yoko - the side, flank
yubi - finger
yudansha - student holding a black belt rank
-Z-
-Counting-
ichi - one
ni - two
san - three
yon, shi - four
go - five
roku - six
nana, shichi - seven
hachi - eight
kyu, ku - nine
ju - ten
-Ranking-
gokyu
yonkyu
sankyu
nikyu
ikkyu
shodan - 1st degree black belt
nidan
sandan
yondan
godan
rokudan
shichidan
hachidan
kudan
judan - 10th degree black belt
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